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Metoprolol Tartrate
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Metoprolol Tartrate

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Introduction

Metoprolol tartrate is a white or almost white crystalline powder with the chemical name (±)-1-(isopropylamino)-3-[p-(2-methoxyethyl) phenoxy]-2-propanol (+)-tartrate (2:1). It is a selective β1 receptor blocker used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection, cardiac arrhythmia, hyperthyroidism, and other diseases. Of these, it is most commonly used to treat hypertension. The structure of metoprolol tartrate is shown in fig. 1.

Structure of memantine hydrochloride

Fig. 1 Structure of metoprolol tartrate

Application in the treatment of hypertension

  • Introduction of hypertension

Hypertension is characterized by persistently high blood pressure in the systemic arteries, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is the most important modifiable risk factor for all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypertension is classified as primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. About 90-95% of patients are primary hypertension that caused by nonspecific lifestyles and genetic factors. Nonspecific lifestyles include obesity, smoking, drinking, lack of exercise and excess salt in the diet, which provide us with measures to prevent hypertension. In addition, the regulation of blood pressure is related to many neuroendocrine systems, which provide us with a breakthrough to treat hypertension. Fig. 2 shows the major neuroendocrine systems involved in the regulation of blood pressure[1].

The major neuroendocrine systems involved in the regulation of blood pressure(BP).

Fig. 2 The major neuroendocrine systems involved in the regulation of blood pressure(BP).

  • Mechanism of action

Activated β1 receptors cause the elevation of blood pressure. Metoprolol tartrate is a β1 receptor inhibitor that competitively blocks β1 receptors with minimal or no effects on β2 receptors. This inhibition decreases myocardial contractility and slows down heart rate, leading to the reduction of cardiac output, thereby lowering blood pressure. In this process, metoprolol tartrate does not exhibit membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.

  • Side effects

Common side effects of metoprolol tartrate mainly include:

Sweating

Shortness of breath

Unusual tiredness or weakness

Confusion

Chest pain or discomfort

Blurred vision

Slow or irregular heartbeat

Less common side effects of metoprolol tartrate mainly include:

Cough

Night blindness

Rapid weight gain

Decreased urine output

Loss of vision

Extreme fatigue

Disturbed color perception

Dilated neck vein

Mental confusion

Short-term memory loss

Rare side effects of metoprolol tartrate mainly include:

Clay-colored stool

Unpleasant breath odor

Continuing loss of appetite

Numbness of the fingers or toes

Continuing or severe nausea

Upper right abdominal or stomach pain

Alfa Chemistry offers high quality metoprolol tartrate. Please feel free to contact us for APIs or technical services.

Reference

  1. Oparil, S., et al. Hypertension. 2018, 1 (4): 18014.